Vivitrol (naltrexone) is a prescription medication used for treating opioid and alcohol dependence. As an extended-release injectable, it offers a non-addictive alternative to support long-term recovery.
However, like any medication, the risks of taking Vivitrol should be carefully considered. Understanding these risks is essential for individuals considering this treatment as part of their recovery plan.
Common Side Effects of Vivitrol
While Vivitrol is generally well-tolerated, some users experience mild to moderate side effects, including:
- Nausea: Common after the first injection but typically subsides over time.
- Headache: Can be persistent but usually decreases in severity.
- Dizziness or Fainting: Some individuals experience lightheadedness, particularly in the initial stages.
- Insomnia: Difficulty sleeping has been reported in some patients.
- Injection Site Reactions: Pain, swelling, redness, or bruising at the injection site.
- Decreased Appetite: Loss of appetite can occur but is usually temporary.
Most of these side effects are mild and improve as the body adjusts to the medication. However, if they persist or worsen, patients should consult their healthcare provider.
Serious Risks of Taking Vivitrol
Although uncommon, the risks of taking Vivitrol include serious complications that should be carefully considered before beginning treatment.
1. Risk of Opioid Overdose
One of the most significant risks of taking Vivitrol is the potential for opioid overdose. Since Vivitrol blocks opioid receptors, individuals may attempt to override this effect by taking high doses of opioids. This can lead to:
- Respiratory depression (slowed or stopped breathing)
- Coma
- Fatal overdose
Additionally, if a patient discontinues Vivitrol treatment, their opioid tolerance is significantly reduced, making them more vulnerable to overdose if they relapse.
2. Severe Injection Site Reactions
Some individuals experience severe reactions at the injection site, including:
- Hardening of the skin
- Tissue damage (necrosis)
- Infection requiring medical intervention
In rare cases, surgery may be necessary to treat the affected area. Any unusual pain, swelling, or skin changes should be reported to a healthcare provider immediately.
3. Precipitated Opioid Withdrawal
Patients must be opioid-free for at least 7–14 days before starting Vivitrol. If opioids are still in the system, Vivitrol can cause sudden and severe withdrawal symptoms, including:
- Vomiting and diarrhea
- Sweating and chills
- Severe muscle pain
- Anxiety and restlessness
This can be dangerous and may require hospitalization. Therefore, a thorough detoxification process is essential before starting Vivitrol.
4. Liver Damage and Hepatitis
Vivitrol is processed through the liver, and in rare cases, it can cause liver toxicity or hepatitis. Symptoms of liver damage include:
- Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
- Dark urine
- Persistent stomach pain
- Unexplained fatigue
Individuals with pre-existing liver conditions should discuss the risks of taking Vivitrol with their healthcare provider before starting treatment.
5. Depression and Suicidal Thoughts
Some individuals taking Vivitrol have reported symptoms of depression, including:
- Loss of interest in activities
- Persistent sadness or hopelessness
- Thoughts of self-harm or suicide
Patients should be closely monitored for mood changes, particularly those with a history of mental health disorders.
Precautions When Using Vivitrol
To minimize the risks of taking Vivitrol, patients should take the following precautions:
- Complete Detox First: Ensure all opioids are cleared from the system before receiving the first injection.
- Inform Healthcare Providers: Disclose any medical conditions, including liver disease, kidney problems, or mental health history.
- Avoid Opioid Use: Do not attempt to overcome Vivitrol’s blocking effects by taking large doses of opioids.
- Monitor for Side Effects: Report any unusual symptoms, especially signs of depression or severe injection site reactions.
- Use in a Comprehensive Treatment Plan: Vivitrol is most effective when combined with counseling, therapy, and peer support.
Is Vivitrol Right for You?
While Vivitrol can be a powerful tool in addiction recovery, it is not suitable for everyone. Those with a history of severe opioid dependence, liver disease, or mental health conditions should weigh the risks of taking Vivitrol carefully with their healthcare provider.
Understanding these risks and taking the necessary precautions can help ensure a safe and effective recovery journey.
If you or a loved one is considering Vivitrol for addiction treatment, consult with the professionals at Colorado Medication Assisted Recovery (CMAR) to determine if it is the right choice for your recovery plan.
Our team provides individualized treatment approaches that integrate medication-assisted treatment with therapy and support to help you achieve long-term sobriety.